Flow sensor FSS200

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Sensor type selection guide

	Standard sensors supported in MLFB

Considerations for sensor selection	High precision	Universal	Notes
Media
General survey (clean liquids) on non-steel pipes		X
General survey (clean liquids) on a limited range of steel or non-steel pipes	X
Moderately aerated liquid or slurry, up to 121 °C (250 °F)	X
Permanent installation on steel pipe (clean liquids)	X
Installation in offshore or corrosive environment	X¹⁾	X²⁾	Sensor size C/D/E come standard as corrosion resistant. Size A and B optional stainless steel
Liquid temperature greater than 120 °C (248 °F)	O	X	FSS200 high temperature metal block sensors (up to 230 °C (446 °F))
Operation on single pipeline flowing multiple products	X	O
Pipe material
Steel	X
Steel pipe with diameter/wall thickness ratio < 10	O	X
Non-steel pipe material (copper, ductile iron, cast iron, etc.)	O	X	High precision sensors can also be used on plastic and aluminum pipes in special cases
Wall thickness > 31.75 mm (1.25“)	O	X
O = not suitable
X = preferred choice
¹⁾ For steel and stainless steel pipes only ²⁾ Not preferred for steel pipes

Definitions

Sensor chart	Description
Standard	Standard system sensor, plastic body with stainless steel housing, FM, FMc, ATEX, IECEx
Spare	Available, but not as part of a configured system. Ordered separately.
CE	All flowmeters and sensors are CE-certified
Ex-FM	Clamp-on sensors available as: Standard or corrosion resistant, suitable for frames or stainless steel-frames mounting, T1 or T2
Ex-ATEX	Option for all corrosion resistant, frames, weldseal, T1, T2
Corrosion resistant	Stainless steel construction
Trackless	Fixed only by straps, no other mounting (spacer bar as an option)
Tracks	For dedicated universal size A/B and for high precision size A/B. For all size high temperature applications
Frames	For dedicated universal size C/ D/ E, and for high precision size C/D
High precision mount	Special stainless steel frames. Corrosion resistant, liquid, T1, T2 usable from -40 ... +120 °C (-40 ... +248 °F) but best for Ø temperature < 40 °C (104 °F), standard
T1	Usable from -40 ... +120 °C (-40 ... +248 °F), but best for Ø temperature < 80 °C (< 176 °F); named as high temperature high precision
T2	Usable -40 ... +120 °C (-40 ... +248 °F), but best for Ø temperature > 80 °C ( > 176 °F)
High temperature	Usable above -40 ... +120 °C (-40 ... +248 °F) to max. temperature 230 °C (446 °F)
Submersible	Sensors can be used in submersible applications using Denso wrap

Sensor Availability Guide

	Availability
Sensor models	Standard	Spare only	ATEX/FM/FMc/IECEX	Corrosion resistant	Trackless	Tracks	Frames
FSS200 Universal Sensor -40 … 120 °C Stainless stelel housing CE IP68
A1 Universal for pipe OD – 5.8 … 50.8 mm (0.23" … 2")		X	X	X	X¹⁾	X
A2 Universal for pipe OD – 12.7 … 50.8 mm (0.5" … 2")	X		X	X	X¹⁾	X
B1 Universal for pipe OD – 12.7 … 76 mm (0.5" … 3")		X	X	X	X¹⁾	X	X
B2 Universal for pipe OD – 12.7 … 76 mm (0.5" … 3")		X	X	X	X¹⁾	X	X
B3 Universal for pipe OD – 19 … 127 mm (0.75" … 5")	X		X	X	X¹⁾	X	X
C1 Universal for pipe OD – 51 … 254 mm (2" … 10")		X	X	X	X		X
C2 Universal for pipe OD – 51 … 254 mm (2" … 10")		X	X	X	X		X
C3 Universal for pipe OD – 51 … 305 mm (2" … 12")	X		X	X	X		X
D1 Universal for pipe OD – 102 … 508 mm (4" … 20")		X	X	X	X		X
D2 Universal for pipe OD – 152 … 610 mm (6" … 24")		X	X	X	X		X
D3 Universal for pipe OD – 203 … 610 mm (8" … 24")	X		X	X	X		X
*E1 Universal for pipe OD – 254 … 3048 mm (10" … 120")		X	X	X	X		X
*E2 Universal for pipe OD – 254 … 6096 mm (10" … 240")	X		X	X	X		X
*E3 Universal for pipe OD – 304 … 9144 mm (12" … 360")		X	X	X	X		X
¹⁾ Useable but not recommended for selection

	Availability
Sensor models	High precidison mount	T1 (best use -40 … 65 °C)	T2 (best use 1 … 104 °C)	Submersible	Catalog
FSS200 Universal Sensor -40 … 120 °C Stainless steel housing CE IP68
A1 Universal for pipe OD – 5.8 … 50.8 mm (0.23" … 2")				X
A2 Universal for pipe OD – 12.7 … 50.8 mm (0.5" … 2")				X	X
B1 Universal for pipe OD – 12.7 … 76 mm (0.5" … 3")				X
B2 Universal for pipe OD – 12.7 … 76 mm (0.5" … 3")				X
B3 Universal for pipe OD – 19 … 127 mm (0.75" … 5")				X	X
C1 Universal for pipe OD – 51 … 254 mm (2" … 10")				X
C2 Universal for pipe OD – 51 … 254 mm (2" … 10")				X
C3 Universal for pipe OD – 51 … 305 mm (2" … 12")				X	X
D1 Universal for pipe OD – 102 … 508 mm (4" … 20")				X
D2 Universal for pipe OD – 152 … 610 mm (6" … 24")				X
D3 Universal for pipe OD – 203 … 610 mm (8" … 24")				X	X
* E1 Universal for pipe OD – 254 … 3048 mm (10" … 120")				X
* E2 Universal for pipe OD – 254 … 6096 mm (10" … 240")				X	X
* E3 Universal for pipe OD – 304 … 9144 mm (12" … 360")	X			X
¹⁾ Useable but not recommended for selection

	Availability
Sensor models	Standard	Spare only	ATEX/FM/FMc/IECEX	Corrosion resistant	Trackless	Tracks	Frames
FSS200 High Precision Sensor -40 … 120 °C Alu T1 (T2, T3) CE
A1H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 0.64 ... 1.0 mm (0.025" ... 0.04")		X	X	X	X¹⁾	X
A2H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 1.0 ... 1.5 mm (0.04" ... 0.06")	X		X	X	X¹⁾	X
A3H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 1.5 ... 2.0 mm (0.06" ... 0.08")	X		X	X	X¹⁾	X
B1H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 2.0 ... 3.0 mm (0.08" ... 0.12")	X		X	X	X¹⁾	X	X
B2H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 3.0 ... 4.1 mm (0.12" ... 0.16")	X		X	X	X¹⁾	X	X
B3H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 2.7 ... 3.3 mm (0.106" ... 0.128")		X	X	X	X¹⁾	X	X
C1H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 4.1 ... 5.8 mm (0.16" ... 0.23")	X		X	X	X		X
C2H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 5.8 ... 8.1 mm (0..23" ... 0.32")	X		X	X	X		X
* D1H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 8.1 ... 11.2 mm (0..32" ... 0.44")	X		X	X	X		X
* D2H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 11.2 ... 15.7 mm (0.44" ... 0.62")	X		X	X	X		X
* D3H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 7.4 ... 9.0 mm (0..293" ... 0.354")		X	X	X	X		X
* D4H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 15.7 ... 31.8 mm (0..62" ... 1.25")	X		X	X	X		X
FSS200 High Temperature Universal Sensor -40 ... +230 °C (-40 ... +446 °F)
High Temperature size 1 ... 230 °C (Ø 12.7 ... 100 mm)		X	X			X
High Temperature size 2 ... 230 °C (Ø 30 ... 200 mm )	X		X			X
High Temperaturer size 3 ... 230 °C (Ø 150 ... 610 mm)	X		X			X
High Temperature size 4 ... 230 °C (Ø 400 ... 1200 mm)	X		X			X
High Temperature size 2A ... 230 °C (Ø 30 ... 200 mm)		X	X			X
High Temperature size 3A ... 230 °C (Ø 150 ... 610 mm)		X	X			X
High Temperature size 4A ... 230 °C (Ø 400 ... 1200 mm)		X	X			X
¹⁾ Useable but not recommended for selection

	Availability
Sensor models	High Precision Mount	T1 (best use -40 … +65 °C)	T2 (best use 1 … 104 °C)	Submersible	Catalog
FSS200 High Precision Sensor -40 … 120 °C Alu T1 (T2, T3) CE IP68
A1H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 0.64 ... 1.0 mm (0.025" ... 0.04")		X		X	X
A2H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 1.0 ... 1.5 mm (0.04" ... 0.06")		X		X	X
A3H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 1.5 ... 2.0 mm (0.06" ... 0.08")		X		X	X
B1H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 2.0 ... 3.0 mm (0.08" ... 0.12")		X	X	X	X
B2H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 3.0 ... 4.1 mm (0.12" ... 0.16")		X	X	X	X
B3H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 2.7 ... 3.3 mm (0.106" ... 0.128")		X	X	X	X
C1H (High Precision) for pipe WT - 4.1 ... 5.8 mm (0.16" ... 0.23")	X	X	X	X	X
C2H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 5.8 ... 8.1 mm (0..23" ... 0.32")	X	X	X	X	X
* D1H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 8.1 ... 11.2 mm (0..32" ... 0.44")	X	X	X	X	X
* D2H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 11.2 ... 15.7 mm (0.44" ... 0.62")	X	X	X	X	X
* D3H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 7.4 ... 9.0 mm (0..293" ... 0.354")	X	X	X	X	X
* D4H (High Precision) for pipe WT (stainless steel construction) - 15.7 ... 31.8 mm (0..62" ... 1.25")	X	X	X	X	X
FSS200 High Temperature Universal Sensor -40 ... +230 °C (-40 ... +446 °F)
High Temperature size 1 ... 230 °C (Ø 12.7 ... 100 mm)
High Temperature size 2 ... 230 °C (Ø 30 ... 200 mm )					X
High Temperaturer size 3 ... 230 °C (Ø 150 ... 610 mm)					X
High Temperature size 4 ... 230 °C (Ø 400 ... 1200 mm)					X
High Temp. size 2A ... 230 °C (Ø 30 ... 200 mm)
High Temp. size 3A ... 230 °C (Ø 150 ... 610 mm)
High Temp. size 4A ... 230 °C (Ø 400 ... 1200 mm)
¹⁾ Useable but not recommended for selection

Sensor mounting availability guide

	Sensor
	FSS200 Universal dedicated	FSS200 Dedicated liquid flow high precision sensors	FSS200 High temperature universal sensors
Mounting
Trackless	X	X
Tracks universal dedicated	X
Tracks HP dedicated		X
Frames universal dedicated	X
Frames HP dedicated		X
Tracks high temperature universal			X
High precision mounting single enclosure		X
High precision mounting dual enclosure		X
SpacerBar	X	X
Straps	X	X	X
Chains EZ-Clamp 1	Size C, D	Size C
Chains EZ-Clamp 2	Size E	Size D
Denso	X	X
¹⁾ Usable but not recommended

Функции

Operating Principle

The SITRANS F S system is a transit-time ultrasonic meter that provides exceptional performance using a non-intrusive clamp-on approach. Ultrasonic sensors transmit and receive acoustic signals directly though the existing pipe wall, where the fluid refraction angle is governed by Snell’s law of refraction.

Clamp-on sensor mounted in a reflect configuration

The beam refraction angle is calculated as follows:

sin Ө = c / V_φ

c = Velocity of sound in fluid

V_φ = Phase velocity (a constant in the pipe wall)

The flowmeter automatically compensates for any change in fluid sound velocity (or beam angle) in response to variations in the average transit time between sensors A and B. By subtracting the computed fixed times (within the sensor and pipe wall) from the measured average transit time, the meter can then infer the required transit time in the fluid (T_Fluid).

The sound waves traveling in the same direction as the flow (T_A,B) arrive earlier than sound waves traveling against the direction of flow (T_B,A). This time difference (Δt) is used to compute the line integrated flow velocity (v) as shown in the equation below:

v = V_φ / 2 · Δt / T_Fluid

Once the raw flow velocity is determined, the fluid Reynolds Number (Re) must be determined to properly correct for fully developed flow profile. This requires the entry of the fluid’s kinematic viscosity (visc) as shown in the equations below, where Q represents the final flow profile compensated volumetric flow rate.

Re = Di · v / visc Q = K(Re) · ( π / 4 ·Di² ) · v

v = Flow velocity

visc = μ / ρ = (dynamic viscosity / density)

K(Re) = Reynolds flow profile compensation

In wetted type ultrasonic flowmeters the meter constants are configured prior to leaving the factory. As this is not possible with clamp-on meters, the settings must be made by the customer at the time of installation. These settings include pipe diameter, wall thickness, liquid viscosity, etc.

SITRANS clamp-on flowmeters that include temperature sensing can be configured to dynamically infer changes in fluid viscosity for the purpose of computing the most accurate flow profile compensation (K_Re).

Ultrasonic sensor types

Two basic types of clamp-on sensors can be selected for use with the SITRANS F S flowmeter. The lower cost "universal" sensor is the most common type in the industry and is suitable for most single liquid applications where the sound velocity does not vary much. This sensor type can be used on any sonically conductive pipe material (including steel) making it well suited for portable survey applications. Universal sensors are selected based on the pipe diameter range alone, so wall thickness is less important to the selection process.

The second sensor type is the patented "WideBeam" sensor (called high precision), which utilizes the pipe wall as a kind of waveguide to optimize the signal to noise ratio and provide a wider area of vibration. This makes this kind of sensor less sensitive to any change in the fluid medium.

The WideBeam sensor is designed for steel pipes, but can also be used with aluminum and titanium. It is the preferred sensor for HPI applications. Note that unlike the universal type, this sensor selection is dependent only on the pipe’s wall thickness.

Multi-path flowmeters

For improved flow profile averaging, redundancy or better cost per measurement, clamp-on meters can be supplied with 1 or 2 path measurement systems.

In the standard FS230 systems, these can be installed on a single pipe as shown below (two paths on same pipe).

Dual path installation example

SITRANS meter family description

SITRANS FS230 clamp-on flowmeters

The FS230 system is a basic function, permanent (or dedicated) Clamp-on meter that is available with a full range of safety approvals and I/Os. This meter can be used in a wide range of applications.

FST030 transmitter standard flow functions

When configured with standard flow functions, the FST030 transmitter is typically programmed with a fixed viscosity and specific gravity entry, which can limit the mass flow and volumetric flow accuracy when highly variable (multi-product) liquid properties flow through the same pipeline.

It will have the ability to accommodate clamp-on RTDs, or analog input from a temperature transmitter.

FST030 hydrocarbon flow functions

When configured with hydrocarbon functions, the FST030 can be used for applications that will flow a wide range of viscosity with a standard volume (mass) and interface detection functions available. All functions rely on a variable referred to as "LiquIdent (TM)", which is used to infer the liquid’s viscosity and density. This variable represents the measured liquid sonic velocity compensated by the operating temperature and pressure, so for a given liquid product the measured LiquIdent (TM) output will remain constant over a wide range of pressure or temperature.

Standard volume description:

This LiquIdent (TM) variable can also be used to identify the liquid flowing through the pipe as well as it’s physical properties (density, vicosity and compressibility) at base conditions. With this information the meter can be configured to output a temperature and pressure compensated (standard) volume flow rate using the API MPMS chapter 11.2.1 methods as shown below.

Correction for temperature:
	Compute thermal expansion coefficient (α_b):
		α_b = KO / ρ_b² + K1 / ρ_b
		where:	KO and K1 are constants dependent on type of liquid and ρb is the liquid density at base conditions
	Compute temperature correction factor (K_T):
		K_T = ρ_b * EXP (- α_b ΔT (1 + 0.8 α_b ΔT))
		where:	ΔT = (T – base temperature)
Correction for pressure:
	Compute compressibility factor (F):
		F = EXP(A + B T + (C + D T) / ρ_b²
		where:	A, B, C and D are constants, and "T" is liquid temperature
	Compute pressure correction factor (K_p):
		K_p = 1 / (1 – F (P_act – P_base) * 10^-4)
Final volume correction: Q_std = Q_act * K_t * K_p

Available outputs from this meter include: API, standard density, mass flowrate, standard volume flowrate and liquid identification.

General installation guidelines for transit time clamp-on sensor

Minimum measuring range: 0 to ± 0.3 m/s velocity (see meter accuracy graph below for more detail)
Maximum measuring range: 0 to ± 12 m/s (± 30 m/s for high precision sensors). Final flow range determination requires application review

Pipe must be completely full within the sensor installation volume for accurate flow measurement
Typical MINIMUM straight pipe requirements are: 10 Diameters upstream / 5 Diameters downstream. Additional straight run is required for double out-of-plane elbows and partially open valves. A minimum of 20 upstream diameters is recommended for clamp-on gas systems
Sensors should be installed at least 20° off vertical for horizontal pipes. This reduces the chance of beam interference from gas buildup at the top of the pipe
Operation inside the Reynolds transition region, between 1 000 < Re < 5 000 should be avoided for best accuracy
Submersible and direct burial installations can be accommodated. Consult sales representative for details
Ultrasonic coupling compound is provided with all sensor orders. Insure that a permanent coupling compound is used for long term installations
Refer to the "Sensor type selection guide" to insure proper application of the equipment